see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derangement
"
$$\small{\text{Suppose that a professor has had 4 of his students }} \\
\small{\text{ - student A, student B, student C, and student D - }}\\
\small{\text{take a test and wants to let his students grade each other's tests. }}\\
\small{\text{Of course, no student should grade his or her own test. }}\\
\small{\text{How many ways could the professor hand the tests back }}\\
\small{\text{to the students for grading, }}\\
\small{\text{such that no student received his or her own test back? }}\\
\small{\text{Out of 24 possible permutations (4!) for handing back the tests, }}\\
\small{\text{there are only 9 derangements: }}\\
\boxed{BADC, BCDA, BDAC,CADB, CDAB, CDBA,DABC, DCAB, DCBA.}$$
$$\begin{array}{cccccr}
1& 2& 3& 4& &\small{\text{ natural Position}} \\
A& B& C& D \\
A& & & & &A \small{\text{ natural Position }} 1 \\
& B& & & &B \small{\text{ natural Position }} 2 \\
& & C& & &C \small{\text{ natural Position }} 3 \\
& & & D & &D \small{\text{ natural Position }} 4 \\
\end{array}\\\\
\small{\text{Fixed-Point-Free:}}$$
$$\\ \small{\text{
$
\begin{array}{lcccr}
& 1& 2& 3& 4 \\
1. \small{\text{ Derangement }} & B& A& D& C \\
B \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 2 & B & & & & \\
A \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 1 & & A & & & \\
D \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 4 & & &D& & \\
C \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 3 & & & & C &
\end{array}
$
}} \\\\\\\\
\small{\text{
$
\begin{array}{lcccr}
& 1& 2& 3& 4 \\
2. \small{\text{ Derangement }} & B& C& D& A \\
B \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 2 & B & & & & \\
C \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 3 & & C & & & \\
D \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 4 & & &D& & \\
A \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 1 & & & & A &
\end{array}
$
}}$$
$$\\\small{\text{
$
\begin{array}{lcccr}
& 1& 2& 3& 4 \\
3. \small{\text{ Derangement }} & B& D& A& C \\
B \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 2 & B & & & & \\
D \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 4 & & D & & & \\
A \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 1 & & &A& & \\
C \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 3 & & & & C &
\end{array}
$
}} \\\\\\\
\small{\text{
$
\begin{array}{lcccr}
& 1& 2& 3& 4 \\
4. \small{\text{ Derangement }} & C& A& D& B \\
C \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 3 & C & & & & \\
A \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 1 & & A & & & \\
D \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 4 & & &D& & \\
B \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 2 & & & & B &
\end{array}
$
}}$$
$$\\\small{\text{
$
\begin{array}{lcccr}
& 1& 2& 3& 4 \\
5. \small{\text{ Derangement }} & C& D& A& B \\
C \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 3 & C & & & & \\
D \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 4 & & D & & & \\
A \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 1 & & &A& & \\
B \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 2 & & & & B &
\end{array}
$
}} \\\\\\\
\small{\text{
$
\begin{array}{lcccr}
& 1& 2& 3& 4 \\
6. \small{\text{ Derangement }} & C& D& B& A \\
C \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 3 & C & & & & \\
D \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 4 & & D & & & \\
B \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 2 & & &B& & \\
A \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 1 & & & & A &
\end{array}
$
}}$$
$$\\\small{\text{
$
\begin{array}{lcccr}
& 1& 2& 3& 4 \\
7. \small{\text{ Derangement }} & D& A& B& C \\
D \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 4 & D & & & & \\
A \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 1 & & A & & & \\
B \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 2 & & &B& & \\
C \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 3 & & & & C &
\end{array}
$
}} \\\\\\\
\small{\text{
$
\begin{array}{lcccr}
& 1& 2& 3& 4 \\
8. \small{\text{ Derangement }} & D& C& A& B \\
D \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 4 & D & & & & \\
C \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 3 & & C & & & \\
A \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 1 & & &A& & \\
B \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 2 & & & & B &
\end{array}
$
}} \\\\\\\
\small{\text{
$
\begin{array}{lcccr}
& 1& 2& 3& 4 \\
9. \small{\text{ Derangement }} & D& C& B& A \\
D \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 4 & D & & & & \\
C \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 3 & & C & & & \\
B \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 2 & & &B& & \\
A \small{\text{ not at his own(natural position) Position }} 1 & & & & A &
\end{array}
$
}}$$
$$\small{\text{In every other permutation of this 4-member set, }}\\
\small{\text{at least one student gets his or her own test back.}}$$
"