The latitude value of Toronto is 43.70 degrees, and the longitude value is 79.40 degrees. The latitude value of Melbourne is -37.81 degrees, and the longitude value is 144.96 degrees. The two cities are degrees apart in latitude. The two cities are degrees apart in longitude.
\(\begin{array}{lcl} \Delta \lambda &=& 144.96^{\circ} - 79.40^{\circ} = 65.56^{\circ} \\\\ \Delta \varphi &=& 43.70^{\circ} -(-37.81^{\circ} ) = 43.70^{\circ} +37.81^{\circ} =81.51^{\circ} \end{array} \)
The two cities are degrees apart in latitude \(81.51^{\circ}\)
The two cities are degrees apart in longitude \(65.56^{\circ}\)