I'll take a look :)
3. Not as important ~ I have difficulty understanding this question:
There was a flat containing boxes of apples having a total weight of 100 kg. An analysis showed that the apples were 99% moisture, by weight. After two days in the sun, a second analysis showed that the moisture content of the apples was only 98%, by weight. What was the total weight of the apples after 2 days, in kg?
\(\text {The first analysis shows the apples are 99% water. The weight of the water is then}\\ \left(0.99\cdot 100\right) = 99 ~ kg\\ \text {Let x be the weight of the water lost after exposure to the sun. }\\ \left(0.99 \cdot 100-0.98(100-x)\right)=x\\ \)
You want this last step explained. I shall try.
there are 100kg of apples and originally 99% of this is water so there is 0.99*100=99kg of water originally in the apples.
Over time the water dries out. All the weight that the apples lose is because of the reduced water content.
After 2 days the water contant is only 98% of the weight. All the rest of the apple is still there.
Now in that 2 days GingerAle has let x represents the unknown weight LOSS of the apples.
So after 2 days the apples will weigh (100-x) kg
98% of this will be water so the new weight will be 98% of (100-x) = 0.98(100-x)
Weight after 2 days = 0.98(100-x)
So the original weight was (0.99*100)kg and the new weight is 0.98(100-x) and the weight loss is x
so
it follows that
0.99*100 - 0.98(100-x) = x
I hope that helps.