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Help I have trouble with complex numbers.

 

In the complex plane, the complex numbers $2+i$, $a$, $7-3i$, $b$ form the vertices of a square, in counterclockwise order.  Find the following quantities, in rectangular form.

 

b/a = ?

 Aug 16, 2023
 #1
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The vertices of the square are given as complex numbers: $2+i$, $a$, $7-3i$, and $b$. Since these points form a square, the diagonals are perpendicular, and the midpoint of one diagonal is the center of the square. Let's use this information to solve for a and b.

The midpoint of the diagonal connecting $2+i$ and $7-3i$ can be found as:

Midpoint=(2+i)+(73i)2=92i2=92i.

This midpoint should be equal to the midpoint of the diagonal connecting $a$ and $b$:

a+b2=92i.

From this equation, we can solve for b:

b=92a2i.

Now, since the vertices are arranged in counterclockwise order, 2+i and a are adjacent vertices of the square. The side connecting these two vertices has the same length as the side connecting 73i and b. This gives us the following relationship:

2+ia=73ib.

Substituting the expressions for a and b, we get:

2+ia=73i(92a2i).

Simplify the expressions:

2+ia=2a2i.

Since the lengths of the sides are equal, the magnitudes of the differences are equal:

2+ia=2a2i.

Square both sides of the equation:

(2+ia)(¯2+ia)=(2a2i)(¯2a2i).

Expand both sides:

(2+ia)(2iˉa)=(2a2i)(2a+2i).

Simplify further:

(4aai+2i2i+i2+ˉaˉai+aˉa)=(4a24i2).

Since i2=1:

(42ai+a2+ˉaaˉa)=(4a2+4).

Rearrange the terms:

(4+4a2)2ai+a2+ˉaaˉa=4a2+4.

Simplify and collect the real and imaginary terms:

53a22ai+ˉaaˉa=0.

Since a is a real number, ˉa=a:

53a22ai+aa2=0.

Combine like terms:

54a22ai+a=0.

Solve for a:

54a2ai=a.

54a2=ai+a.

54a2=a(1i).

a=54a21i.

Multiply the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the denominator to rationalize it:

a=(54a2)(1+i)(1i)(1+i).

a=5+5i4a24a2i2.

a=58a2+5i4a2i2.

Equating the real and imaginary parts separately:

a=58a22(real part),
a=54a22(imaginary part).

Solve each equation for a:

58a2=2a.
54a2=2a.

For the first equation:

8a2+2a5=0.

Using the quadratic formula:

a=2±2248(5)28.

Simplify under the square root:

a=2±4+16016.

a=2±16416.

Since 164 is not a perfect square, we'll leave it as is:

a=2±41416.

a=1±418.

For the second equation:

4a2+2a5=0.

Using the quadratic formula again:

a=2±2244(5)24.

Simplify under the square root:

a=2±4+808.

a=2±848.

Since 84 is not a perfect square, we'll leave it as is:

a=2±4218.

a=1±2218.

So, the possible values for a are:

a=1+418,a=1418,a=1+2218,a=12218.

Now, we have the expression b/a. Let's find the possible values of b for each of the values of a:

For a=1+418:

b=92a2i=92(1+418)2i.

Simplify:

b=9+4142i.

For a=1418:

b=92a2i=92(1418)2i.

Simplify:

b=94142i.

For a=1+2218:

b=92a2i=92(1+2218)2i.

Simplify:

b=9+22142i.

For a=12218:

b=92a2i=92(12218)2i.

Simplify:

b=922142i.

So, the possible values of b/a for each value of a are:

For a=1+418:

ba=9+4142i1+418=8(9+41)8(2i)4(1+41).

Simplify:

ba=72+84116i4+441.

For a=1418:

ba=94142i1418=8(941)8(2i)4(141).

Simplify:

ba=7284116i4441.

For a=1+2218:

ba=9+22142i1+2218=8(9+221)8(2i)4(1+221).

Simplify:

ba=72+162116i4+821.

For a=12218:

\[\frac{b}{a} = \frac{\frac{9 - 2\sqrt{21}}{4} - 2i}{\frac{-1 - 2\sqrt{21}}{8}} = \frac{8(9 - 2\sqrt

{21}) - 8(2i)}{4(-1 - 2\sqrt{21})}.\]

Simplify:

ba=72162116i4821.

In conclusion, the possible values of b/a for the given values of a are:

ba=72+84116i4+441,ba=7284116i4441,ba=72+162116i4+821,ba=72162116i4821.

 Aug 16, 2023

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