There is exactly one value of $x$ for which the distance from $(5,6)$ to $(3x-1,ax+5)$ is $4$. If $a \neq 0,$ what is $a$?
The distance between two points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) in the Cartesian plane is given by the distance formula:
d=√(x2−x1)2+(y2−y1)2.
In this case, we are given the points (x1,y1)=(5,6) and (x2,y2)=(3x−1,ax+5), and we know that the distance d is 4:
4=√(3x−1−5)2+(ax+5−6)2.
Simplify inside the square root:
16=(3x−6)2+(ax−1)2.
Expand:
16=9x2−36x+36+a2x2−2ax+1.
Combine like terms:
16=(9+a2)x2−(36+2a)x+37.
Now, we want to find the value of a for which there is exactly one value of x that satisfies this equation. For there to be exactly one solution, the quadratic equation must have a discriminant of 0:
(36+2a)2−4(9+a2)(37)=0.
Simplify and solve for a:
1296+288a+4a2−1332−4a2=0.
Simplify:
288a−36=0.
Solve for a:
a=36288=18.
Therefore, the value of a is 18.